Research Analysis on Materials Which Improve the Performance of Military Clothing

Bharatbook.com included “Developments in military clothing, 2008 edition” report which provides aesthetic appeal of military clothing and its impact on soldier morale

Military clothing is an integral part of a soldier’s fighting kit. It plays a key role in protecting soldiers  during combat, and must therefore perform several functions in the most rugged of wearing conditions.  At the same time, it must remain durable.

Developments in military clothing have been driven mainly by changes in the ways in which wars are  fought. Because modern warfare is more likely to take place in congested urban streets than on  battlefields, today’s military clothing has an appearance and performance characteristics which  contrast sharply with those of uniforms worn by soldiers fighting in the trenches during the First  World War.

Since the terrorist attacks on the USA on September 11, 2001 (9/11), and the consequent war on  terror, the demand for military clothing, body armour and other military equipment has risen sharply.  In turn, this rise has greatly benefited a number of clothing manufacturers in the Western world.

The ever present threat of terrorism has raised concerns about the vulnerability of military forces in  general, and troops in war zones in particular. Governments around the world have sharpened their  focus on military preparedness—including how best to clothe and equip their countries’ soldiers. They  have invested heavily in the development of military uniforms which improve a soldier’s performance  and comfort and offer the potential to save lives during combat.

As a result, developments in military clothing are being made today at a faster pace than at any time  in history. New battledress concepts which harness nanotechnology and other advanced technologies  have been devised with a view to helping the performance of soldiers on the battlefield by improving  their ballistic protection, reducing the weight they carry, optimising their camouflage and amplifying  their physical strength.

For the future, scientists have designed concepts for highly advanced multi-functional combat wear.  However, it many take several years before these technological breakthroughs can be translated into  wearable products.

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Nanotechnology is defined as the engineering of functional systems at a molecular scale. The term nanotechnology refers to the entire field of study that deals with objects that are 100 nanometers or smaller in size. A billionth of a meter is the designation of a nanometer; it is three to four atoms in width. It could lead to unlimited possibilities in technology. However, with great power comes great responsibility. Nanofactories could produce lifesaving medical robots, and advanced products that could help ease the world’s problems. They could also produce undetectable weapons of mass destruction that can wipe out civilization. This powerful technology must be handled with extreme precaution and cannot afford to be placed in the wrong hands.

Nanotechnology Will Improve Computer Efficiency and Power

The next 10 years promises to be an exciting period in the history of computers and networks as nanotechnology takes off to redefine a new level in the way computers are manufactured. It’s not entirely radical as the Lithographic principles behind the manufacturing process can be adopted for nanotech processes. What is revolutionary are the minute molecular-level sizes at which those circuit boards can now be made. This is the core of nanotech – derived from the Greek nano which means tiny. And in this case, we’re talking molecular tiny. In quantitative scientific terms, “tiny” is in the area of a billionth of a meter or around 1/500th the width of a hair strand. That’s “nano” mathematically.

Nanotechnology in Computers

Nanotechnology ushers in a more meaningful and useful age of miniaturization. The Integrated Chip of the 70s did the same thing that was seminal in manufacturing increasingly smaller chips that now power our cellphones and computers. But they have their limits and we have reached that.

With molecule-sized nanotech based manufacturing of processor chips, memory modules and storage devices, these limits can be breached that will eventually bring two things: (1) more powerful, more cost-effective and more power-efficient computers across all platforms, from mainframes down to laptops; and (2) smaller computer footprints for the same power and efficiencies we currently have.

- Nanotech Microprocessors

With greater transistor densities, processor chips these days have grown so powerful that they require more effective cooling systems employing fans and even water-based coolants usually reserved in mainframes. Lithographic technologies that create those wafer thin circuits containing millions of etched transistors have reached practical limits. Nanotechnology’s molecular-level lithography is the next step. Not only will it produce more powerful computer engines, it can make them operate cooler and with less bulk. Associated circuits in the motherboards and even add-on daughterboards like video graphics and sound processors can be integrated into smaller boards so that computers over the next decade can be no larger than the largest cell phones of today.

- Nanomemories

Memory modules in the 1GB to 2GB range are becoming common these days. Even cellphones have memories in that magnitude. But just like processor chips, you have a manufacturing limit to contend with which bears down on the maximum speed, size and powering efficiency of memory chips. Over the next few years, more powerful RAM with higher capacities and speeds but lower costs can be made from nonmagnetic technology.

- Solid State ”hard drives”

Disk drives have likewise reach the size and capacity limits. If you look at your flash drives now commonly sporting 4, 8 and 16 GB capacities, they are all solid state storage devices that hold the promise of greater storage capacities and efficiencies in computers.

They are also immune to physical shocks or mechanical crashes that hard disks are prone to suffer. But they are expensive to produce and have the highest costs per megabyte of memory compared with a 1Terrabyte hard disk we have at this time. Nanotechnology should take care of that. Expect nanotech-based flash drive technology to evolve with higher memory capacity that will eventually make it more cost effective to replace current electro-mechanical hard drives. GP

Discuss the promises and perils of science… Any areas i missed? and what can i improve on?

I’ve already thought of a few
PROMISES:: and their counterarguments
1) Medicine/Health – prolongs life/anti-aging
[Stemcells, Genetic engineering/genetics testing, drugs/cures]
-> counter: disregard/endanger/demean lives, playing god/upsetting ecosystem

2) Appreciation of life/counter to religious theories
[Synthetic Biology, Cloning, IVF]
counter-> playing god/upsetting ecosystem

3) Environmental Sustainability
[Alternative fuels e.g. solar, biofuels, etc; Green crops/green revolution, GM food]
-> nuclear energy has potential (-) impact on environment

4) Accelerate economic growth
[IT and communications, Nanotechnology]
-> increases rate of resource depletion

PERILS::
1) Warfare – more deadly
[WMD, nuclear/atomic bombs, biological weapons]

2) Crime
[Cyber crime]

CONCLUSION::
Technology can be used to counter and limit these perils so that benefits of science conferred onto mankind can be maximized. We should thus embrace what science has to offer.

Please help. Thank you

Introduction of New and Innovative Technologies to Improve Wound Care Management

“The Future of the Wound Care Management Market to 2015”, report provides key data, information and analysis on the global wound care management market. The report provides market landscape, competitive landscape and market trends information on seven market categories including advanced wound management, compression therapy, ostomy drainage bags, traditional wound management, wound closure devices, negative pressure wound therapy and pressure relief devices. This report provides comprehensive information on the key trends affecting these categories, key analytical content and usage patterns on the market dynamics. The report also reviews the competitive landscape in terms of pipeline products and technology offerings. ( http://www.bharatbook.com/Market-Research-Reports/The-Future-of-the-Wound-Care-Management-Market-to-2015.html )

Wound Care Management Market to Cross $17 billion by 2015

This report estimates that the global market for wound care management products, which was valued at around $13 billion in 2008, would exceed $17 billion by 2015 with a CAGR of 4%. The market is expected to be driven by the increasing number of surgeries and the rising prevalence of pressure ulcers, diabetic ulcers and venous ulcers. The market is also expected to be driven by technological advances and by the introduction of new and innovative therapies for wound care management. Also, increasing patient awareness is boosting the demand for wound care management. Patients are more proactive in their well being and are willing to seek physician’s advice at an early stage. Further, the availability of wide range of products to treat different kinds of wounds is increasing the acceptance of healthcare professionals.

US to Remain the Largest Market for Wound Care Management 

Globally, the US remains the largest wound care management market. The US market, valued at $5.2 billion in 2008, is forecast to grow by 4% annually for the next seven years to reach $7.5 million by 2015. The US, increasing its contribution from 39% to 43% towards the global wound care management market, is expected to remain the largest market for wound care management. The US wound care management market is expected to be driven by increasing prevalence of chronic wounds, better reimbursement levels for advanced technologies, positive demographics and increased levels of patient awareness.

Introduction of New and Innovative Technologies to Improve Wound Care Management

Introduction of new and innovative technologies are helping in meeting patient demands. Technologies such as electrical stimulation, electromagnetic therapy, nanotechnology, low level laser therapy, therapeutic ultrasound, nanocrystalline silver technology, nanospider technology and use of silver and combination dressings are improving wound care management. Other emerging trends in wound care management include tissue engineering, animal-fetal cell research for regenerating tissue in chronic wounds, stem cell therapy and gene therapy. Technological advances such as improvements in synthetic dressing materials are expected to have a positive impact on the growth in the wound care management market. Newer technologies such as recombinant growth factors, endovascular arterial repair techniques, bilayered human dermal substitutes and xenogeneic tissue scaffold are aimed at further improving the wound care management.

Advanced Wound Management and Wound Closure Devices are Key Categories in the Wound Care Management Market

Advanced wound management and wound closure devices categories accounted for 42% of the overall wound care management market in 2008. Advanced wound management market is driven by the rising prevalence of chronic wounds, increasing acceptance of the healthcare professionals and improving levels of patient awareness.  The demand for wound closure devices is expected to increase with the increase in the number of surgeries in cardiovascular and orthopedic markets. These surgeries represent a key growth driver for hemostats and tissue sealants market. Other surgeries which are expected to contribute to the growth of wound closure market are neurological, gynecological and urological procedures. Good surgical outcome and less morbidity seen with wound closure devices are increasing the adoption rates of these products.

Reimbursement Reforms are Limiting Market Growth in Some Regions

The reimbursement levels vary greatly in the US, Europe and Asia Pacific. Availability of reimbursement, for expensive products and treatments such as advanced wound management dressings and negative pressure wound therapy, is more in the US as compared to other countries. However, the US also has been witnessing a constant reduction in the reimbursement rates every year for some of the wound care management products. Companies operating in the wound care management market are also facing pricing pressures due to reimbursement reforms. This is hurting the companies’ top line and bottom line growth. Increasing pressure to contain costs, in economies where healthcare spend by the government is more, is leading to pricing pressures for almost all of the products. This trend is expected to continue in the future as well.

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